Fundamental lathe procedures

The lathe is a machine tool used in a machining process by spinning a block of material to do different functions like cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling or deforming by using tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object, which has symmetry within an axis of rotation. Lathe operators must be taught about the safety hazards related to the use of the lathe and must be trained on safety precautions to prevent accidents and injuries. Carelessness and injuries. Carelessness and ignorance of the procedures are two main menaces to personal safety. Other hazards can be related to working with the lathe like improper machine maintenance and setup. Safety measures Wearing proper working clothes is essential. Removing rings and watches and rolling sleeves above elbows are highly recommended. Always turn off the lathe before making adjustments. Don''t change spindle speeds until the lathe reaches a complete stop. Handle sharp cutters, centres and drills with care. Draw away chuck keys and wrenches before operating. Always wear protective eye protection. Handle heavy chucks with care and safeguard the lathe with a block of wood when installing a chuck. Identify where the emergency stop is located before operating the lathe. Use pliers or a brush to remove chips and swarfs, and never use your bare hands. Don''t lean on the lathe and even lay tools directly on the lathe ways. "Carelessness and ignorance of the lathe procedures are two menaces to personal safety." If a separate table is not available, use a wide board with a cleat on each side to lie on the ways. Keep tools overhang as short as possible. Never attempt to measure work while it is turning. Don''t file lathe work unless the file has a handle, file left - handed if possible. Protect the lathe ways when grinding or filing. Use your two hands when sanding the work piece. Do not wrap sand paper or emory cloth around the workpiece. "Carelessness and ignorance of the lathe procedures are two menaces to personal safety." Basic considerations To get an efficient process and a striking surface of the lathe machining, it is essential to adjust the rotating speed, cutting depth and sending speed. Remember that the important elements canot be easily identified because the necessary values are to a certain extent different in materials, size and part shapes. Setting a low rotating speed during the first stage of machining is required because even the smallest operation mistake may lead to serious accident. When the rotating speed is high, processing speed is fast, and a processing surface is finely finished. The cutting depth of a tool affects the processing speed and the roughness of a surface. When the cutting depth is wide, the processing speed is fast, while the surface temperature is high and its surface rough. Moreover, the life of a byte is also reduced. If you don''t know the suitable cutting depth, it is better to set it to a small value. The sending speed of a tool also affects the processing speed and the roughness of a surface. When the sending speed is high, the processing speed is fast. When the sending speed is low, the surface is finished well. There is a "manual sending," which turns and operates a handle, and an "automatic sending," which advances a byte automatically. A beginner must use the manual sending because serious accidents like touching the rotating chuck around the byte in an automatic sending may occur. "To get an efficient process and a striking surface of the lathe machining, it is essential to adjust the rotating speed, cutting depth and sending speed." Right cutting tools There are different kinds of cutting tools for a lathe. Choose the right tool depending on your materials and part shape. Three cutting tools are generally used. The commonlyAir Jordan XIII Low